Total hydrolysis yield (%)
    C1S1 C1S2 C1 C2S1 C2S2 C2
Amorphous cellulose Cellophane paper 61 (± 7.1)a 56 (± 1.5)a 93 (± 0.60)b 73 (± 2.2)A 57 (± 1.4)B 93 (± 1.2)C
PASC 52 (± 1.3)a 53 (± 0.34)a 73 (± 1.1)b 57 (± 0.48)A 58 (± 0.61)A 73 (± 3.7)B
Hemicellulose Xylan 42 (± 1.2)a 31 (± 0.71)a 50 (± 2.7)b 35 (± 4.4)A 35 (± 0.68)A 51 (± 3.2)B
Lignocellulosic biomass Steam-exploded poplar 35 (± 0.59)a 23 (± 0.12)Bb 56 (± 1.1)c 45 (± 3.0)A 42 (± 1.1)A 73 (± 1.0)B
Waste OA paper 12 (± 1.7)a 16 (± 0.33)a 36 (± 0.44)b 22 (0.82)A 18 (± 0.41)A 45 (± 0.53)B
Table 1: Total hydrolysis yields obtained using various substrates treated with free enzymes (C1 or C2) or immobilized cellulases (C1S1, C1S2, C2S1, C2S2). Hydrolysis reactions were conducted in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 5.0) at 50°C for 24 h using a water bath; n = 3; Mean ± Standard Error. For each substrate, values with the same subscript letter are statistically similar while values with different subscript letters are statistically different (p<0.05). For the subscript letters, lower case letters are used for all systems (free or immobilized) incorporating C1, whereas upper case letters are used for C2. PASC: Phosphoric acid swollen cellulose; OA: Office automation.