| Cell source |
Scaffold material |
Major finding |
Mechanics measured |
Experimental values |
Native benchmark |
| AF: |
Alginate / chitosan hybrid fibers |
AF cells proliferate and expressed collagen II, construct were nonimmunogenic upon subcutaneous implantation |
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| AF cells (canine) |
| AF cells (bovine) |
Electospun PCL |
AF cells oriented parallel to nanofibers and deposited aligned collagen matrix, resulting in improved tensile mechanics |
Uniaxial tensile modulus |
50 MPa |
80-120 MPa |
| MSCs (bovine) |
Electrospun PCL |
Bi –lamellar construct replicate the +/- 30° angle-ply collagen architecture, opposing fiber arrangement enhances tensile response over parallel fiber families via inter lamellar shearing |
Uniaxial tensile modulus |
14.5 MPa |
18 MPa |
| NP |
Collagen I |
Gel formation was tailored to replicate mechanical function , dynamic shear |
Torsional shear |
δ= 6.5-8.5° |
23-30° |
| IVD: |
PGA (AF) and alginate (NP) |
Formed AF-NP composite ECM and increased compressive properties after implantation |
Unconfined compression |
Ha= 50kPa, k = 5x 10-14 m2/(Pa s) |
3-10 MPa |
| AF and NP cells (bovine) |
