Tests Results Interpretation HBsAg anti-HBc anti-HBs negative negative negative Susceptible ► Vaccination recommended HBsAg anti-HBc anti-HBs negative negative positive  Immune due to vaccination HBsAg anti-HBc anti-HBs negative positive positive Immune due to natural infection ► No re-testing or vaccination needed HBsAg anti-HBc IgM anti-HBc anti-HBs positive positive positive negative Acutely infected ► Increased infectiousness; the patient should consult a hepatologist HBsAg anti-HBc IgM anti-HBc anti-HBs positive positive negative negative Chronically infected   ► The patient should consult a hepatologist HBsAg anti-HBc anti-HBs negative positive negative Possible interpretations: The person might be: 1. Recovering from acute HBV infection (Window phase) ► The person should be tested for IgM anti-HBc 2. Immune from previous HBV infection and the test is not able to detect a very low level of anti-HBs, or 3. Susceptible to infection, false positive anti-HBc ► Administer one dose of the Hep B Vaccine; four weeks later, if the anti-HBs levels are ≥50 IU/L, it is probably due to natural immunity, otherwise complete the vaccination schedule 4. Chronically infected, but with undetectable levels of HBsAg ► Patient should be tested for HBV DNA.

Table 1: Interpretation of the Hepatitis B panel.