| Mucosally-administred vaccines |
| Authors |
Probiotics and vaccines |
Biological effects |
| Mercenier et al. 2000
(preclinical studies involving experimental animals) [53] |
lactic acid bacteria (LAB): Lacto coccuslactis, Streptococcus gordonii and Lactobacillus spp
mucosal vaccines for malaria |
It has been shown that systemic and mucosal antigen-specific immune responses can be elicited in mice through the nasal route using the three LAB systems under study. |
| Aldovini and Young et al. 1991
(preclinical studies involving experimental animals) [54] |
L. lactis
vaccine with the V2–V4 loop of the HIV virus |
Induced humoral and cell-mediated immune response is sufficient to provide immunity against an HIV Envexpressing vaccinia virus challenge in mice |
| Isolauri et al.1995
(in infants) |
L. casei GG
oral rotavirus vaccine |
Incresed levels of rotavirus-specific serum IgA. |
| de Vrese et al.2005
(in adults) [55] |
L. rhamnosus GG (LGG) or L. paracaseiCRL431
live attenuated oral poliovirus vaccine (containing serotypes 1, 2, and 3) |
Higher serum neutralizing antibodytiters to poliovirus serotypes 1 and 2 (for LGG) and to serotype 3 (CRL431). |
| Davidson et al.2011
(in adults) [56] |
L. rhamnosus GG
live attenuated nasal influenza vaccine |
Increased protective hemagglutinin inhibition titers. |
| Fanget al.2000
( in adults ) [60] |
L. rhamnosus GG or L. lactis
oral Salmonella typhiTy21a |
LGG stimulated S. typhi-specific IgA; L. lactis incresed CR3 receptor expression on neutriphilis. |
| Chattha et al. 2013
( studies involving experimental animals) [58] |
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 (Bb12)
attenuated (Att) human rotavirus (HRV) Wa strain vaccine |
Higher mean serum IgA HRV antibody titers and intestinal IgA antibody secreting cell numbers in Att-HRV vaccinated pigs; In vaccinated pigs without col/milk, probiotic colonization did not affect IgA HRV antibody titers. |
| Paineau et al.2008
(in adults) [61] |
seven different probiotic strains (B. lactisBi-07 and Bl-04, L. acidophilus La-14 and NCFM, L. plantarumLp-115, L. paracaseiLpc-37, and L. salivariusLs-33)
oral Vibrio choleravaccination |
No effect on antigen-specific IgA or IgM;
A trend towards higher cholera-specific IgG levels was observed. |
| Matsuda et al. 2011 (in infants) [62] |
Bifidobacteriumbreve Ykult (BBG-01)
oral inactivated cholera vaccine |
No significant difference. |
|
Taylor et al. 2006
(in infants) [63] |
Lactobacillus acidophilus LAVRI-A1
allergen vaccine specific |
Reduced production of IL-5 and TGF-beta; no significant effects of probiotics on either Type 1(Th1) or Type 2 (h2) T helper cell responses to allergens or other stimuli. |
|
West et al. 2008
(in infants) [64] |
Lactobacillus F19 (LF19)
DTaP (diphtheria and tetanus toxoid and acellular pertussis), polio and Hib-conjugate vaccines |
No difference in days with infectious symptoms; Days with antibiotic prescriptions were fewer and enhanced anti- diphtheria toxin (D) in the LF19 group; |
| Vlasovaet al. 2013(experimental animals) [59] |
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 (Bb12)
attenuated HRV and challenge with virulent human rotavirus (VirHRV) |
Selected probiotics contribute to immunomaturation, regulate immune homeostasis and modulate vaccine and virulent HRV effects, thereby moderating HRV diarrhea. |
| Parenterally-administred vaccines |
| Soh et al.2010
(in infants) [65] |
BifidobacteriumlongumBL999 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LPR mix
standard three-dose hepatitis B vaccination schedule |
Doubled the serum anti-HBsAgIgG concentrations
(this difference was not statistically significant). |
| Olivareset al.2007
(in adults) [66] |
L. fermentumCECT5716
inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine |
Higher TNF-α, total IgG and IgM, as well as influenza-specific IgA . |
| Rizzardini et al. 2011
(in adults) [67] |
B. lactisBB-12 and L. paracasei431
inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine |
Elevated influenza-specific IgG, IgG1, and IgG3 levels (B. lactisBB-12); influenza-specific salivary IgA responses (both probiotics). |
| Mullie
et al.2004
(in infants) [68] |
Streptococcus thermophiles and B. breve
Pentacoq® vaccination diphtheria, tetanus, polio, Haemophilus influenza type b (Hib), and pertussis vaccines |
Increased poliovirus-specific IgA levels in the feces. |
|
Youngster et al. 2011
(in infants) [22] |
Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC4356, Bifido bacterium bifidum DSMZ20082, Bifidobacterium longum ATCC157078 and Bifidobacterium infantis ATCC15697
mumps, measles, rubella and varicella vaccine (MMRV) |
No significant difference in protective antibody titres to each individual vaccine component. |
| Prenatal treatment |
| Kukkonen et al.2006 [69] |
Probiotic combination
(LGG, L. rhamnosusLC705, B. breveBbi99, and Propionibacteriumfreudenreichii) to mothers in the last four weeks until delivery and to their infants (together with a prebiotic, galacto-oligosaccharides) for the first six months
Haemophilus influenza type b (Hib) vaccines |
Higher serum levels of Hib-specific IgG in infants. |
|
Licciardi et al.2013 [70] |
L. rhamnosus GG(LGG)
tetanus, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and pneumococcal conjugate (PCV7) vaccines |
Reduced antibody responses against tetanus, Hib and pneumococcal serotypes contained in PCV, but not total IgG levels. |
