Figure 4: Periodate-treatment of F. hepatica total lysate restores the IL-6 and IL-12/23p40 cytokine levels produced by DCs simultaneously treated with FhTE and LPS and enables the production of IFNγ by splenocytes from infected animals. A) BMDCs were incubated with FhTE in presence of LPS (1 g/ml), Zymosan (1 g/ml) or poly:(IC) (50 g/ml) overnight at 37°C. Then IL-12/23p40 levels were detected on culture supernatants. B) BMDCs were incubated with total lysate FhTE (75 g/ml), periodate oxidized-lysate (FhPox, 75 g/ml) in absence or presence of LPS and incubated overnight at 37°C. Then IL-12/23p40 levels were detected on culture supernanatants Controls consisted in FhTE lysate incubated only with borhydrure (FhB), or PBS subjected to the complete periodate treatment (CPox). ND stands for “not done”. Results are expressed as mean value of triplicates (± SD, indicated by error bars), and are representative of three different experiments. Asterisks represent differences statistically significant (*p< 0.01, **p< 0.05).