Time   total free bound f/b ratio % free % bound
8 mean 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
SD 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
10 mean 8.6 3.4 5.2 0.7 39.5 60.5
SD 0.6 0.2 0.5 0.1 2.2 2.2
20 mean 7.7 3.2 4.6 0.7 41.0 59.0
SD 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.0 1.6 1.6
22 mean 14.0 5.6 8.4 0.7 39.9 60.1
SD 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.0 1.1 1.1
32 mean 12.0 4.3 7.7 0.6 35.9 64.1
SD 0.3 1.3 1.4 0.2 11.3 11.3
34 mean 20.0 7.3 12.7 0.6 36.7 63.3
SD 0.8 1.2 1.4 0.1 6.0 6.0
44 mean 17.0 6.8 10.3 0.7 39.7 60.3
SD 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.0 1.2 1.2
46 mean 24.0 9.6 14.4 0.7 40.0 60.0
SD 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.0 1.2 1.2
56 mean 20.8 8.2 12.6 0.7 39.6 60.4
SD 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.0 0.4 0.4
58 mean 28.2 11.2 17.0 0.7 39.8 60.2
SD 0.6 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.5 0.5
68 mean 24.0 9.6 14.4 0.7 40.0 60.0
SD 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.0 0.5 0.5
70 mean 28.0 11.1 16.9 0.7 39.8 60.2
SD 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.0 0.3 0.3
80 mean 24.1 9.7 14.4 0.7 40.3 59.7
SD 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.0 0.4 0.4
82 mean 28.8 11.4 17.4 0.7 39.7 60.3
SD 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.0 0.7 0.7
92 mean 25.0 10.0 15.0 0.7 40.0 60.0
SD 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.0 0.4 0.4
94 mean 27.0 10.7 16.4 0.7 39.4 60.6
SD 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.0 1.1 1.1
104 mean 23.0 9.2 13.8 0.7 40.0 60.0
SD 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.3
106 mean 25.2 10.0 15.1 0.7 39.9 60.1
SD 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.3
116 mean 21.0 8.4 12.6 0.7 40.0 60.0
SD 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.0 0.9 0.9
118 mean 23.2 9.3 13.8 0.7 40.3 59.7
SD 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.0 1.2 1.2
128 mean 19.0 7.7 11.4 0.7 40.3 59.7
SD 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.0 1.3 1.3
130 mean 26.1 10.3 15.7 0.7 39.6 60.4
SD 0.7 0.2 0.6 0.0 0.9 0.9
140 mean 21.9 8.9 13.0 0.7 40.5 59.5
SD 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.0 0.5 0.5
142 mean 28.5 11.3 17.2 0.7 39.7 60.3
SD 0.6 0.2 0.5 0.0 0.6 0.6
152 mean 25.0 10.1 14.9 0.7 40.3 59.7
SD 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.6 0.6
154 mean 28.1 11.2 16.9 0.7 39.9 60.1
SD 0.7 0.3 0.5 0.0 0.6 0.6
164 mean 24.0 9.7 14.3 0.7 40.3 59.7
SD 0.9 0.4 0.6 0.0 0.9 0.9
166 mean 27.5 10.9 16.6 0.7 39.6 60.4
SD 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.0 0.5 0.5
176 mean 23.4 9.4 14.0 0.7 40.2 59.8
SD 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.3
178 mean 28.1 11.2 16.9 0.7 39.8 60.2
SD 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.0 0.6 0.6
Table 1: Peak and trough serum Phenobarbital levels in normal dogs given oral phenobarbital every 12 hours for 1 week. Levels are expressed in μg/ml for total, free and protein-bound phenobarbital serum levels. Samples were taken before medication and 2 hours following administration of 4 mg/kg dosage. Data are as mean and standard deviation (n=5).