Parameters* Ketosis Control P-value Number 16 24   Glc (mmol/L) 2.70 ± 0.89 3.31 ± 0.17 0.003 NEFAs (mmol/L) 0.99 ± 0.32 0.51 ± 0.15 0.000 BHBA (mmol/L) 2.71 ± 1.29 0.62 ± 0.11 0.000 AST (U/L) 149 ± 40 93 ± 13 0.000 ALT (U/L) 22.86 ± 4.52 20.77 ± 4.25 0.171 CHE (U/L) 136 ± 17 155 ± 20 0.005 TBIL (µmol/L) 3.46 ± 1.35 2.83 ± 0.47 0.049 DBIL (µmol/L) 2.53 ± 0.78 1.82 ± +0.43 0.001 IBIL (µmol/L) 0.97 ± 0.64 1.04 ± 0.51 0.727 TP (g/L) 73.61 ± 3.69 77.32 ± 5.03 0.023 ALB (g/L) 32.48 ± 2.29 33.84 ± 2.24 0.087 GLO (g/L) 41.03 ± 3.74 43.37 ± 6.46 0.228 SOD (U/mL) 75.61 ± 6.34 70.11 ± 7.86 0.031 MDA (nmol/mL) 2.89 ± 0.48 2.29 ± 0.37 0.047 Ins (mIU/L) 13.87 ± 1.75 14.01 ± 2.01 0.043 RQUICKI (mIU/L)** 0.36 ± 0.02 0.38 ± 0.02 0.017

*ALB, albumin; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BHBA, β--hydroxaybutyric acid; CHE, cholinesterase; DBIL, direct bilirubin; Glc, glucose; GLO, globulin; IBIL, indirect bilirubin; Ins, insulin; MDA, malondialdehyde; NEFAs, non-esterified fatty acids; SOD, superoxide dismutase; TBIL, total bilirubin; TP, total protein; RQUICKI, revised quantitative insulin sensitivity check index. **RQUICKI (mIU/L) = 1/[log G0+ log I0 + log NEFAs0]. G0, glucose (mg/dl); I0, insulin (uU/ml); NEFAs0, non-esterified fatty acids (mmol/L)

Table 1: Levels of fifteen parameters in plasma of experimented cows.