| 
      
        | Risk    Factors | Nontreated | Treatment    given before survey | X2 | df | P-value |  
        | Traditional | Modern |  
        | Sex | Jenny | 180(46.8%) | 17(4.4%) | 6(1.6%) | 1.694 | 2 | 0.429 |  
        |  | Jack | 159(41.3%) | 13(3.4%) | 10(2.6%) |  |  |  |  
        |  | Total | 339(88%) | 30(7.8%) | 16(4.2%) |  |  |  |  
        | Age | Young | 2(0.5%) | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |  
        |  | Adult | 119(30.9%) | 5(1.3%) | 3(0.8%) | 6.184 | 4 | 0.186 |  
        |  | Old | 218(56.6%) | 25(6.5%) | 13(3.4%) |  |  |  |  
        |  | Total | 339(88%) | 30(7.8%) | 16(4.2%) |  |  |  |  
        | BCS | Poor | 101(26.2%) | 14(3.6%) | 5(1.3%) |  |  |  |  
        |  | Medium | 195(50.6%) | 14(3.6%) | 9(2.3%) | 3.910 | 4 | 0.418 |  
        |  | Good | 43(11.2%) | 2(0.5%)) | 2(0.5%) |  |  |  |  
        |  | Total | 339(88%) | 30(7.8%) | 16(4.2%) |  |  |  |  
        | Cause | Improper    harnessingandpadding | 174(45.2%) | 14(3.6%) | 10(2.6%) |  |  |  |  
        |  | Overloadingandworking | 162(42%) | 16(4.2%) | 6(1.6%) | 10.240 | 14 | 0.74 |  
        |  | Unknown | 3(0.8%) | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |  
        |  | Total | 339(88%) | 30(7.8%) | 16(4.2%) |  |  |  |  |