Blood chemistry profile of camels

Test	Monensin Toxicity (n=13, exposed camels)		Normal Range (n=12, non-exposed domesticated camels)		SI Unit	P value
Test	(Mean ± SE)	Range	(Mean ± SE)	Range	SI Unit	P value
Sodium	146.3^a ± 1.3	134-154	155.5^b ± 0.38	154-158	mmol/L	0.000
Na/K ratio	25.4^a ± 0.9	17.4-29.0	31.56^a ± 0.36	26.3-30.4
Potassium	5.9^a ± 0.2	5.1-7.7	4.93^a ± 0.05	4.7-5.2	mmol/L	0.001
Chloride	104.5^a ± 7.4	17-119	119.5^a ± 0.42	117-122	mmol/L	0.065
Bicarbonate	24.8^a ± 1.0	18-33	22.17^a ± 0.85	16-25	mmol/L	0.060
Ca/P ratio	0.74^a ± 0.1	0.32-1.03	1.18^a ± 0.03	1.25-1.15
Calcium	1.81^a ± 0.1	1.44 -2.59	2.17^b ± 0.02	2.09-2.27	mmol/L	0.000
Anion Gap	22.85^a ± 7.5	11-111.4	18.77^a ± 1.12	25.7-16.2	mEq/L	0.608
Magnesium	1.0^a ± 0.03	0.78-1.2	0.86^a ± 0.01	0.79-0.91	mmol/L	0.008
Phosphorus	2.67^a ± 0.2	1.75-4.54	1.85^b ± 0.03	1.67-1.98	mmol/L	0.003
AST (Alanine transaminase)	202.5^a ± 45.1	110-604	97.00^b ± 3.37	82-112	U/l@37°C	0.035
ALP (Alkaline Phosphatase)	147.4^a ± 41.7	54-605	93.83^b ± 5.76	65-122	U/l@37°C	0.234
LDH (GLDH) (Glutamate dehydrogenase)	891.2a± 120.1	496-1981	5.32^b ± 0.40	3.2-7.2	U/l@37°C	0.000
CPK (Creatine phosphokinase)	293.0^a ± 49.7	130-789	143.3^b ± 17.02	83-268	U/l@37°C	0.010
GGT (Gama glutamyltransferase)	18.5^a ± 6.0	8-90	12.43^a ± 0.81	8 - 16	U/l@37°C	0.343
Protein	48.2^a ± 2.5	25-61	59.0^a ± 1.11	54-64	g/L	0.001
Albumin	17.3 ^a ± 1.9	6-34	29.83^b ± 0.76	26-34	g/L	0.000
Globulin	30.8^a ± 1.5	19-40	29.26^a ± 0.73	24.5-32.4	g/L	0.369
A/G Albumin/Globulin	0.58^a ± 0.1	0.32-1.48	1.03^a ± 0.04	1.06-1.05		0.000
Urea	4.18^a ± 0.5	2.5-9.5	3.59^a ± 0.19	2.5-4.3	mmol/L	0.286
Creatinine	102.8^a ± 7.4	81-171	110.4^a ± 5.51	88-135	µmol/L	0.424
Cholesterol	0.88^a ± 0.3	0.2-3.9	0.84^a ± 0.07	0.5-1.2	mmol/L	0.902
Triglycerides	0.34^a ± 0.05	0.05-0.6	0.5^a ± 0.0	0.5-0.5	mmol/L	0.005
Total Bilirubin	2.17^a ± 0.1	1.2-3.1	2.93^a ± 0.07	2.5-3.3	µmol/L	0.000
Glucose	5.49^a ± 0.5	0.6-9.8	6.94^a ± 0.29	5.8 -8.3	mmol/L	0.030

Table 1: Blood chemistry profile of camels suspected with monensin toxicity (n=13) compared to normal healthy camels (n=12). ^a,bDifferent superscripts denote significant statistical difference between groups while identical superscripts denote no statistical difference.