Spiked feedsConcentration of MBM (%) w/w added qPCR testsfor bovine material (Ct-value) Microscopic analysis 0.0125 38.03 ± 0.90 ND 0.025 37.13 ± 0.0 Steamed bone 0.05 34.34 ± 0.28 Steamed bone 0.10 33.16 ± 0.70 Steamed bone 0.20 30.20 ±0.10 Steamed bone and collagen 0.40 29.68 ± 0.17 Steamed bone and collagen 0.80 27.89± 0.08 Steamed bone, collagen and hair

Table 3: Comparative detection of MBM in spiked feeds free of animal material by qPCR tests and microscopic analysis. Feedstuff samples free of animal material were spiked with increasing concentrations of MBM, from 0.0125 to 0.80% w/w. The Ct-values (mean and standard deviation) were obtained in triplicate PCR reactions from each DNA extraction. ND - animal material not detected.