TF P-value
0900 h 2100 h SEM TF Parity TF × P
Volume, L 90 107 7.7 0.07 0.06 0.55
Fluid passage rate, %/h 11.9 11.7 0.5 0.81 0.35 0.67
Fluid retention time, h 8.2 8.9 0.7 0.36 0.40 0.74
Solids passage rate %/h 3.0 3.3 0.1 0.21 0.52 0.04
Solids retention time, h 33 31 1.8 0.52 0.53 0.11
 Urinary uric acid, mmol/d 52.8 48.6 2.23 0.12 0.43 0.15
 Urinary allantoin, mmol/d 454.6 421.4 28.90 0.30 0.34 0.57
 Total PD, mmol/d 507.3 470.1 28.34 0.24 0.34 0.48
 Absorbed PD, mmol/d 540.1 497.2 33.45 0.26 0.36 0.47
 Microbial N synthesis, g/d 392.6 361.5 24.36 0.26 0.35 0.47
Table 1: Time of feeding (TF) effects on rumen kinetics and urinary purine derivative (PD) excretion and duodenal estimates of microbial protein.