Treatment Route Glucose Levels at Varying Times (mg/dL)
    0hr 1hr 2hr 3hr 4hr 12hr 24hr
Group I IP 60.50±5.57   59.25  ±  4.99   60.75 ± 5.56   61.25 ± 4.35   58.50 ± 7.19   51.50 ± 1.29   53.00 ± 1.83
Oral 66.50 ± 9.98   67.25 ± 8.62   69.50 ± 7.05   69.50 ± 5.45a   68.75 ± 6.85a   62.00 ± 9.83a   61.25 ± 9.61
Group II IP 222.25 ± 11.33A 223.75 ± 11.15B 227.75 ± 10.63B 233.25 ± 11.09B 239.00 ± 11.10C 250.25 ± 15.48B 261.25 ± 15.37B
Oral 204.25 ± 8.66a 206.25 ± 8.46b 208.00 ± 8.13b 209.75 ± 8.54b 212.00 ± 7.87 218.75 ± 10.21c 227.25 ± 6.65c
Group III IP 220.25 ± 10.78A 132.00 ± 17.57A   64.25 ± 3.30   57.50 ± 2.65   54.25 ± 1.71   51.25 ± 1.89   51.25 ± 1.71
Group IV Oral 193.75 ± 22.69a   96.50 ± 10.85a   70.25 ± 7.63   58.75 ± 5.91   51.75 ± 2.22   49.50 ± 1.29   53.50 ± 1.29
Extract                
Group V IP 215.50 ± 12.66A 123.50 ± 16.70A   94.50 ± 7.42A   83.00 ± 8.60A   74.25 ± 5.38A   97.75 ± 2.99A 114.50 ± 6.35A
Oral 198.75 ± 18.34a 105.50 ± 4.20a   89.00 ± 3.16a   81.25 ± 1.71a   70.75 ± 1.708a   95.00 ± 4.32b 116.50 ± 4.20b
Group VI IP 222.00 ± 15.64A 107.75 ± 7.04A   88.00 ± 5.72A   79.75 ± 3.30A   79.25 ± 2.06B   94.25 ± 2.50A 113.75 ± 5.85A
Oral 190.75 ± 14.59a 102.00 ± 2.58a   79.75 ± 1.71a   78.25 ± 1.50a   77.00 ± 1.83a   90.25 ± 2.22b 102.00 ± 3.74a
Group VII IP 226.50 ± 11.96A 108.75 ± 5.38A   87.00 ± 3.92A   74.00 ± 4.08A   65.00 ± 1.41   83.50 ± 6.86A 110.00 ± 4.97A
Oral 204.50 ± 9.98a 104.75 ± 4.86a   91.00 ± 6.16a   80.75 ± 7.41a   72.50 ± 1.83a   89.50 ± 3.70b 111.00 ± 3.56a
Results are expressed as Means ± SEM for four animals per group. Means for intraperitoneally (IP) administered drugs followed by similar upper case letters are not significantly different at p<0.05 by ANOVA and Boniferroni-Holm test; Means for orally (oral) administered drugs followed by similar lower case letters are not significantly different at p<0.05 by ANOVA and Boniferroni-Holm test. Group I represents the normal control rats orally or intraperitoneally administered with 0.1 ml physiological saline; Group II represents diabetic rats orally or intraperitoneally administered with 0.1 ml physiological saline; Group III represents diabetic rats intraperitoneally administered with insulin at 1 IU/kg body weight; Group IV represents diabetic rats orally administered with glibenclamide at 3 mg/kg body weight; Group V represents diabetic rats orally and intraperitoneally administered with aqueous extracts of C. pareira at 50 mg/kg body weight; Group VI represents diabetic rats orally and intraperitoneally administered with aqueous extracts of C. pareira at 100 mg/kg body weight; Group VII represents diabetic rats orally and intraperitoneally administered with aqueous extracts of C. pareira at 150 mg/kg body weight. mg/kg bw stands for mg/kg body weight.
Table 1: Effects of three therapeutic doses of aqueous leaf extracts of C. pareiraat different times on blood glucose levels in alloxan induced diabetic rats.