Variable Agronomic practices only Livestock practices only Agronomic and livestock practices Agronomic and socio-cultural beliefs/practices Coeff. P-level Coeff. P-level Coeff. P-level Coeff. P-level Intercept -2.008 0.017** -2.649 0.093* -5.004 0.015** -4.233 0.993 Gender 0.541 0.050* -2.905 0.094* 3.157 0.014** -5.015 0.989 Age 0.660 0.061* 2.495 0.095* 0.052 0.018** 1.630 0.098* Employment status -1.896 0.084* 2.21 0.091* 0.030 0.097* 1.237 0.988 Farm size-dry land -0.06 0.037** -3.05 0.051* 0.122 0.070* -2.072 0.986 Members fit for agriculture 0.155 0.003*** 0.115 0.017** 0.223 0.000*** 0.217 0.011** Cattle owned 0.041 0.077** 7.433 0.072* 0.080 0.057* -5.466 0.994 Maize yield 0.068 0.000*** 5.272 0.916 0.032 0.076* 2.035 0.083* Cotton yield 14.188 0.048** 3.661 0.854 13.797 0.000*** 3.582 0.099* Perception on climate 0.874 0.005*** 1.032 0.604 0.173 0.040** 0.839 0.079* Base category No adaptation             Likelihood Ratio Chi² 61.966             Pseudo R² 0.615             Log likelihood -110.821             Significant at ***1%, **5%, and *10% probability level, respectively

Table 3: Socioeconomic and perception determinants of climate adaptation options by smallholder farmers in Chiredzi district.