| Mangrove area |
Major Threats |
References |
| West Bengal |
Agriculture, prawn seed collection, reduction in fresh water flow and pollution |
[34,38] |
| Odisha |
Natural calamities, prawn farming, encroachment and rehabilitation |
[15,20] |
| Tamil Nadu |
Reduction in fresh water flow, invasion of alien species and over-exploitation of mangroves |
[45,42,43] |
| Andhra Pradesh |
Agriculture, grazing, developmental activities, invasion of alien species and aquaculture |
[35,36,37,45] |
| Gujarat |
Over-exploitation of mangroves, developmental activities, natural calamities and coral reef degradation |
[14,47] |
| Maharashtra |
Urbanization and pollution |
[38] |
| Karnataka |
Agriculture, tree felling and pollution |
[35] |
| Kerala |
Unsustainable mode of aquaculture practices, mangrove wood for fuel, industrialization and urbanization, bio-pollution |
[14,48] |
| Andaman and Nicobar Islands |
Agriculture, exploitations for wood and wood products, tourism development-encroachment and natural calamities such as cyclone, storm and tsunami |
[18,39,40,41] |
|
