| 1. |
C. Waddington proposed the epigenetic landscape: cell differentiation was considered a one-way street with traffic flowing from an immature cell to stem or progenitor cell then to a more mature differentiated state (1957). |
| 2. |
Sir J. Gurdon succeeded in generating cloned dogs by transferring the nucleus of a tadpole's somatic cell into an oocyte (1962). |
| 3. |
E. McCulloch and J. Till reported the presence of self-renewing cells in the stroma of mouse bone marrow [stem cells] (1963). |
| 4. |
Evans et al. and Kaufman et al. established mouse ESCs (1981). |
| 5. |
Davies et al. first demonstrated direct cell fate conversion by a defined transcription factor (1987). |
| 6. |
Thomson et al. established human ESCs (1998). |
| 7. |
Takahashi and Yamanaka generated iPSCs (2006). |
| 8. |
Totipotent IPSCs were established by Maherali et al. (2007). |
| 9. |
Yamanaka and Thomson reprogrammed human somatic cells into iPSCs (2007). |
| 10. |
Peripheral blood cell programming started with research on mice by Hanna (2008). |
| 11. |
Hong et al. reported generation of iPSCs from mouse T lymphocytes by the introduction of Oct 3/4, Sox 2, Klf4 and c-Myc in a P53 - null background (2009). |
| 12. |
Generation of human iPSCs from cord blood by Haase et al. (2010). |
| 13. |
Ye et al. derived human iPSCs from previously frozen cord blood and CD34+ cells from healthy adult donors (2010). |
| 14. |
Loh et al. reprogrammed human blood cells into iPSCs (2010). |
| 15. |
Chou reprogrammed newborn cord blood and adult blood mononuclear cells into iPSCs (2011). |
| 16. |
Lei et al. made human iPSCs to differentiate into both conventional and antigen-specific T lymphocytes for T cell-based immunotherapy by in vitro or in vivo induction systems (2012). |
| 17. |
Ebihara et al. established human iPSCs that represent the potentially unlimited safe sources of donor-free red blood cells for blood transfusion [without potential of infectious disease via transfusion] (2012). |
| 18. |
Hou et al. used small molecule compounds to generate mouse iPSCs (2013). |
| 19. |
The Scottish National Bank Transfusion Service announced synthesis of blood group O RBCs that can hopefully be used by the year 2016 (2014). |
