Marker Expression in healthy tissue Expression on cancer type Malignant Properties in HCC CD19 B lymphocytes B cell malignancies   CD20 B lymphocytes Melanoma   CD24 B lymphocytes, neuroblasts Pancreas, lung and liver cancer, negative on breast cancer Metastasis Highly associated with Wnt/β-catenin pathway CD34 Endothelial and hematopoietic progenitors Hematopoietic malignancies   CD38 Multiple stages of B and T cells Negative on AML   CD44 Broadly on many tissues Liver, colorectal, breast, pancreas, head and neck cancers Metastasis Highly associated with Wnt/β-catenin pathway CD90 T cells, neurons Liver and colorectal cancer Metastasis CD133 Proliferative cells in multiple organs Liver, colorectal, lung, liver and brain cancer Proliferation Highly associated with Wnt/β-catenin pathway EpCAM Panepithelial marker Liver, colorectal and pancreatic cancer Metastasis Highly associated with Wnt/β-catenin pathway Adapted from Clevers H (2011) The cancer stem cell: premises, promises and challenges. Nature Medicine 17: 313-319.

Table 1: Surface markers used for the identification of cancer stem cells.