| Name |
Mode of Action |
References |
| 5-Aza2'-deoxycytidine |
Causes DNA demethylation or hemidemethylation, creating openings that allow transcription factors to bind to DNA and reactivate tumor suppressor genes. |
[96] |
Cholecalciferol
(Vitamin D3) |
Antiproliferative action on breast, prostate, and colon cancer cells |
[97] |
| 4-Hydroxytamoxifen |
Metabolite of tamoxifen that is a potent selective estrogen response modifier (SERM); the trans (Z) isomer has efficacy against estrogen sensitive cancers. The cis (E) isomer is an estrogen agonist. |
[98] |
| Melatonin |
Enhances apoptotic death of cancer cells; inhibits proliferation/metastasis of breast cancer cells by inhibiting estrogen receptor action. |
[99] |
| Mifepristone |
Progesterone receptor antagonist; stimulates prolactin secretion. Pgp inhibitor. |
[100] |
| Raloxifene |
Selective estrogen response modifier (SERM), may have efficacy against estrogensensitive cancers. |
[101] |
| Tamoxifen |
Selective estrogen response modifier (SERM), used therapeutically and prophylactically against estrogen sensitive tumors. |
[102] |
| Troglitazone |
Antitumor agent; PPARγ agonist; induces apoptosis via a p53 pathway. |
[103] |
