Analyzed (n = 462) Eliminated (n = 188) Difference P1
Sex (male): n (%)   251 (54.3) 91 (48.4) 5.9 0.194
Age: mean (SD)   20.7 (1.9) 20.5 (1.7) 0.2 0.330
Grade: n (%) Freshman 92 (19.9) 29 (15.4) 4.5 0.030
Sophomore 113 (24.5) 45 (23.9) 0.6
Junior 97 (21.0) 61 (32.4) -11.4
Senior 133 (28.8) 46 (24.5) 4.3
Above the fifth grade 27 (5.8) 7 (3.7) 2.1
Annual household income Low (< JPY 4 million/year) 158 (34.2) 45 (23.9) 10.3 < 0.001
High (> JPY 4 million/year) 195 (42.2) 66 (35.1) 7.1
Unknown 109 (23.6) 77 (41.0) -17.4
Experience of student counseling (present) 37 (8.0) 14 (7.4) 0.6 0.873
Experience of student counseling (lifetime) 92 (19.9) 39 (20.7) -0.8 0.830
1The t-test was employed for continuous data and the chi-square test was used for categorical data. SD = Standard Deviation
Table 1: Comparison of characteristics between analyzed and eliminated participants.