| Measure (M,SD) |
CONTROL |
PTSD ONLY |
SUD ONLY |
PTSD + SUD |
| Trauma exposure lifetime (TEI) |
3.3 (2.8) |
5.7 (3.2)a |
6.1 (3.1)a |
8.0 (3.3)a,b,c |
| PTSD Symptoms (mPSS) |
6.9 (7.5) |
23.8 (9.6)a,c |
8.5 (6.7) |
28.8 (8.2)a,b,c |
| Re-experiencing Symptoms (mPSS) |
1.7 (2.8) |
5.9 (3.5)a,c |
1.9 (2.3) |
7.0 (3.8)a,c |
| Avoidance Symptoms (mPSS) |
2.5 (3.4) |
9.8 (4.4)a,b,c |
3.5 (3.5) |
11.9 (3.7)a,b,c |
| Hyperarousal Symptoms (mPSS) |
2.8 (3.1) |
8.2 (3.5)a,b,c |
3.2 (3.2) |
9.8 (3.3)a,b,c |
| Lifetime Alcohol Use (KMSK) |
6.1 (4.4) |
6.8 (4.5) |
9.9 (2.8)a |
10.3 (3.1)a,b |
| Lifetime Cocaine Use (KMSK) |
0.3 (1.4) |
1.0 (3.0) |
7.1 (6.8)a |
10.4 (6.1)a,b,c |
| Lifetime Marijuana Use (KMSK) |
2.9 (3.9) |
4.8 (4.4) |
10.2 (4.3)a,b |
10.0 (4.4)a,b |
| Lifetime Heroin Use (KMSK) |
0.2 (1.0) |
0.1 (0.3) |
2.0 (4.1)a,b,d |
0.7 (1.6) |
Abbreviations: PTSD=Posttraumatic stress disorder; SUD=Substance dependence
disorder; TEI=Traumatic experiences inventory; KMSK=Kreek–McHugh–
Schluger–Kellogg scale.
a=different from CONTROL group; b=different from PTSD ONLY group; c=different
from SUD ONLY group |
