Group I  (n= 73) Group II(n=64) Group IIIa (n=56) Group IIIb  (n=9) F-value p-value
M ± SD M ± SD M ± SD M ± SD
Delay time (hr) 3.44 ± 1.96a 3.72 ± 2.18a 4.69 ± 0.54ab 6.00 ± 1.67b 3.115 0.027*
Dosage (mg) 837.67 ± 568.35a 1350.78 ± 954.97a 1439.29 ± 804.49a 2856.25 ± 826.23b 10.88 0.000*
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) 142.05 ± 22.91b 134.22 ± 29.64b 130.89 ± 31.23b 92.50 ± 13.72a 7.93 0.000*
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) 92.6 ± 14.72b 88.13 ± 19.75b 86.43 ± 19.39b 57.50 ± 9.59a 9.07 0.000*
Mean artereial pressure (mmHg) 109.05 ± 17.27b 104.16 ± 22.55b 101.20 ± 22.95b 69.78 ± 23.45a 9.24  0.000*
Respiratory rate (breath/minute) 16.74 ± 1.99b 17.33 ± 1.92b 11.71 ± 5.60a 32.11 ± 2.14c 49.236 0.000*
Temperature (°C) 37.32 ± 0.29a 37.37 ± 0.35a 37.34 ± 0.837a 38.56 ± 1.45b 11.27 0.000*
M= Mean SD= Standard Deviation *= There is a significant difference by using One Way ANOVA at p< 0.05 The same letter means that there is no significant difference between the two groups by using Duncan multiple comparison test at p<0.05 The different letters means that there is a significant difference between the two groups by using Duncan multiple comparison test at p<0.05 Group I: Patients in Emergency Room (ER) and discharged Group II: Patients admitted to inpatient unit Group IIIa: Patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) and survived Group IIIb: Patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) and died
Table 1: Comparison between studied groups as regards delay time (hours), dosage of tramadol taken (mg) and vital data.