Mediator |
Effect |
References |
|
ROS |
•Increased generation in CdCl2/CdS (0.6μM-1mM) treated neutrophils & macrophages.
•Increased generation in MeHgCl(1.25-5μM)-treated monocytes, activated with PMA.
•Pt & Pd (0.025-25μM) potentiate reactivity of neutrophil derived ROS.
•Vanadium 2+, 3+, 4+ (25μM) mediate hydroxyl radical production from FMLP-& PMA-activated neutrophils.
•Increased generation by rat alveolar macrophages treated with sodium metavanadate (50-1000μM). |
[21-23]
[72]
[99]
[87]
[88] |
|
NO |
0.6-10μM CdCl2 cause increased NO production by macrophages. |
[23-24] |
|
LTB4 |
•<30μM CdCl2 augments LTB4 secretion by rabbit alveolar macrophages.
•Production increased in neutrophils from lead exposed workers.
•Increased generation by rabbit alveolar macrophages exposed to HgCl2. |
[29]
[45]
[74] |
|
Cytokines |
•Increased production(or expression of mRNA) of IL-1, TNF, IL-6 by PBMC exposed to CdCl2/CdSO4 (1-10µM).
•Increased production of TNF, IL-6, IL-12, PGE2 and decreased production of IL-10 by Pb treated macrophages.
•HgCl2 (200nm-5μM) increases the production of IL-1b, TNF, IL-6, IL-8 and downregulates production of IL-Ra & IL-10. |
[30,36]
[55]
[36,77] |
Abbreviations: CdCl2, cadmium chloride; CdS, cadmium sulphide; MeHgCl, methyl mercury chloride; Pt, Platinum; Pd, palladium; FMLP, N-formyl-methionyl-leucinephenylalanine);
PMA, phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate |
