Treatment Sample tissue Number of animals with intra-venously injected MSC detected Number of animals with intra-medullary infused MSC detected Proportion of intra-medullary infused MSC detected (%)               Intra-medullar infusions into femur and tibia MSC -treatedhindlimb Distal femur Diaphysis NA 0 / 4   Metaphysis NA 3 / 4 0.02, 0.04, 0.05 Epiphysis NA 0 / 4             Proximal tibia Diaphysis NA 1 / 4 0.01 Epiphysis NA 2 / 4 0.03, 0.001             Contra-lateral hindlimb Distal femur NA 0 / 4   Proximal tibia NA 0 / 4                           Intra-venous injection and intra-medullar infusion into femur MSC -treatedhindlimb Distal femur Diaphysis 0 / 2 1 / 2 0.3 Metaphysis 0 / 2 1 / 2 0.02 Epiphysis 0 / 2 0 / 2             Proximal tibia Diaphysis 0 / 2 0 / 2   Epiphysis 0 / 2 0 / 2               Contra-lateral hindlimb Distal femur 0 / 2 0 / 2   Proximal tibia 0 / 2 0 / 2                     Organs Liver 0 / 2 0 / 2     Spleen 0 / 2 0 / 2     Lung 0 / 2 0 / 2     Gonad 0 / 2 0 / 2     Muscle 0 / 2 0 / 2

Table 1: Quantitative PCR detection of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) with foamy-virally transduced 2 marker genes (NOoA and NOoB) using the HT1080 cell standards (single NOoA/NOoB copy per cell; Figure 2A right) in bone and organ tissue from rabbits after intra-venous and intra-medullar MSC infusions (Figure 1A, 1C, 1E). The contralateral hindlimbs were untreated or intravenous treated. The bones (femur and tibia of both hindlimbs) and organ tissues (liver, spleen, lung, gonad, muscle) were harvested at 4-weeks after MSC-injection/infusion. Detection limit was <0.001%. N/A: non-applicable.