Reference Species Model Duration Muscle Hypertrophy 15 Rat, ♀ 13 weeks Bilateral removal gastrocnemius and soleus 5 weeks Plantaris 80% 17 Rat, ♀ 150-170 g Bilateral removal gastrocnemius and soleus 12-14 weeks Plantaris 97% 56 Rat, ♀ 170-180 g Bilateral removal gastrocnemius and soleus 56 days Hypobaric hypoxia (5,500 m) Plantaris 105% 18 Rat, ♀ 250-275 g Bilateral removal gastrocnemius and soleus 30 days Plantaris 60%* 12 Rat, ♂ Bilateral removal gastrocnemius 4 weeks Plantaris Soleus 95% 40% 72 Rat, ♂ 8.5 months 38.5 months Bilateral removal gastrocnemius 8 weeks Plantaris 53% NS 24 Rat, ♀ 150-170 g Unilateral removal gastrocnemius and soleus 8 weeks Plantaris 28%* 14 Rat, ♂,♀ Unilateral removal gastrocnemius 30-100 days Plantaris 84%* 29 Rat, ♂ 232 g Unilateral removal gastrocnemius 30 days Plantaris 80%* 22 Rat, ♀ 5, 13, 25 months Unilateral denervation gastrocnemius and soleus 6 weeks Plantaris 30%* 37 Rat, ♀ 46 days Unilateral denervation gastrocnemius and soleus 7 weeks Plantaris 43%* 94 Rat, ♀ 6-8weeks Unilateral removal tibialis anterior 14-61 days Extensor digitorum longus 28%* 27 Rat, ♂, 175-260 g Unilateral removal tibialis anterior 2 weeks 8 weeks Extensor digitorum longus 19%* 52%* 16 Mouse, ♀ 4months Bilateral removal gastrocnemius and soleus 2 weeks Plantaris 100% 13 Cat, ♀ 3.2-3.5 kg Bilateral removal gastrocnemius and soleus 12 weeks Plantaris 136% *: contralateral muscle served as control

Table 1: The degree of skeletal muscle hypertrophy in several animal models.