Epidural (N=12) PCA (N=9) PCA+Dex (N=18) PCA+Dex+Gabapentin (N=23) Total
(N=62)
p value
VASscorepost-opday0           0.0613
N 12 9 18 23 62  
Mean(SD) 2.4(2.45) 4.2(0.74) 4.3(2.38) 3.0(2.22) 3.4(2.26)  
Range (0.0-6.5) (3.0-5.3) (0.0-8.8) (0.0-8.0) (0.0-8.8)  
VASscorepost-opday1           0.9346
N 12 9 18 23 62  
Mean(SD) 2.3(1.74) 2.6(1.63) 2.5(1.76) 2.7(1.25) 2.5(1.53)  
Range (0.0-5.2) (0.0-4.5) (0.0-6.0) (0.3-5.4) (0.0-6.0)  
VASscorepost-opday2           0.0319
N 12 9 18 23 62  
Mean(SD) 1.4(1.44) 3.1(1.25) 2.9(2.28) 1.9(1.41) 2.3(1.79)  
Range (0.0-4.0) (1.0-5.0) (0.0-7.6) (0.0-5.0) (0.0-7.6)  
VASscorepost-opday3           0.1464
N 12 9 18 23 62  
Mean(SD) 2.1(1.40) 3.6(1.90) 2.9(1.66) 2.4(1.53) 2.7(1.63)  
Range (0.0-4.7) (2.0-8.2) (0.0-5.4) (0.4-5.8) (0.0-8.2)  
VASscorepost-opday4           0.0407
N 12 9 18 23 62  
Mean(SD) 3.0(1.30) 3.2(2.25) 2.4(1.49) 1.7(1.25) 2.4(1.57)  
Range (0.8-4.9) (0.7-7.8) (0.0-4.5) (0.0-3.8) (0.0-7.8)  
MeanVASscore
(day0-day4)
          0.0443
N 12 9 18 23 62  
Mean(SD) 2.2(0.73) 3.4(1.13) 3.0(1.42) 2.3(1.09) 2.7(1.20)  
Range (0.9-3.4) (2.2-5.9) (0.1-5.4) (0.8-4.5) (0.1-5.9)  
SD: Standard Deviation; PCA: Patient Controlled Analgesia; Dex: Dexmedetomidine
Table 2: Visual Analog Pain Scores (VAS) Post Operative Day 0-4, and Cumulative.