Entire group (n=501) COPD (n=133) Non-COPD (n=388) P*
Hypertension 350 (69.9) 81 (71.7) 269 (69.3) 0.632
Hyperlipidaemia 312 (62.3) 65 (57.5) 247 (63.7) 0.236
Ishaemic heart disease 381 (76.0) 87 (77.0) 294 (75.8) 0.789
Congestive cardiac failure 25 (5.0) 10 (8.8) 15 (3.9) 0.032
Arrhythmia 124 (24.8) 33 (29.2) 91 (23.5) 0.213
Valvular heart disease 85 (17.0) 15 (13.3) 70 (18.0) 0.235
Pulmonary hypertension 15 (3.0) 8 (7.1) 7 (1.8) 0.004
Values are numbers with percentages in parenthesis
*p between COPD and non-COPD subjects
Table 2: Pattern of cardiovascular diseases among subjects.