Item Clonidine group (n=120) Dextromethorphan group (n=120) Placebo group (n=120) P-value
Cough appearance, n (%) 18 (15.0) 14 (11.7) 41 (34.2) < 0.001
Cough severity, n (%)       < 0.001
Mild 8 (6.7) 8 (6.7) 13 (10.8)  
Moderate 6 (5.0) 6 (5.0) 18 (15.0)  
Severe 4 (3.3) 0 (0.0) 10 (8.3)  
Table 1: Cough appearance and its severity after fentanyl injection at the three intervention groups.