Items Duration P-value ˂5 years (n=34) ˃5 years (n=34) MMP-9 (ng/ml)     <0.001 Range 550-1750 870-2000 Mean ± SD 1016 ± 356 1346 ± 363 TIMP-1(ng/ml)     <0.001 Range 320-720 510-810 Mean ± SD 497 ± 121 641 ± 82 MMP-9/TIMP-1Ratio     0.400 Range 1.51-2.64 1.55-2.63 Mean ± SD 2.00 ± 0.32 2.07 ± 0.33

Table 4: Serum levels of MMP-9, TIMP-1, and MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio in patients with asthma duration less than 5 years (˂5yrs.) and more than 5 years (˃5yrs.) groups. Independent samples t-test.