Table 1

Authors	Publication Year	N	Types of Surgery	Ventilation strategy	Effects of low VT Vs High VT
Two Lung Ventilation
Wrigge et al. [72]	2000	39	Visceral, orthopedic and Vascular	5ml/kg ZEEP vs 5ml/kg 10 cmH₂O PEEP vs 15 ml/kg 10 PEEP	Similar plasma cytokine levels
Wrigge et al. [73]	2004	30	Visceral	6 ml/kg 10 cmH₂O PEEP vs. 12-15 ml/kg ZEEP	Similar time course of cytokines in tracheal aspirate and plasma
Choi et al. [74]	2006	40	Visceral	6 ml/kg cmH₂O PEEP vs. 12 ml/kg ZEEP	↙Thrombin anti-thrombin complex ↗Activated Protein C in BALF ↙Thrombomoduline in BALF
Wolthuis et al. [75]	2008	40	Visceral	6 ml/kg 10 cmH₂O PEEP vs. 12 ml/kg ZEEP	Similar levels of TNF-α, IL-1, MIP-1 in BALF ↙IL-8 in BALF ↙Myeloperoxidase and elastase om BALF Similar levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in plasma
Reis-Miranda et al. [76]	2005	62	Cardiac	4-6 ml/kg 10 cmH₂O PEEP+RM vs. 6-8 ml/kg 3 cmH₂O PEEP	↙IL-8, IL-10 in plasma
Chaney et al. [77]	2005	25	Cardiac	6 ml/kg 10 cmH₂O PEEP vs. 12 ml/kg ZEEP	↗PaO2/FIO₂ ↙Static lung compliance
Zupancich et al. [78]	2005	40	Post-cardiac	6 ml/kg 10 cmH₂O PEEP vs. 10-12 ml/kg 3 cmH₂O PEEP	↙IL-6 and IL-8 in BALF and plasma
Koner et al. [79]	2004	44	Cardiac	6 ml/kg 5 cmH₂O PEEP vs. 10 ml/kg ZEEP vs 10 ml/kg 10 cmH₂O PEEP	Similar plasma TNF-α and IL-1 Similar PaO₂/FIO₂
Lee et al. [80]	1990	103	General	6 ml/kg vs. 12 ml/kg	↙Pulmonary infection ↙Duration of mechanical ventilation
Wrigge et al. [81]	2005	44	Cardiac	6 ml/kg 10 PEEP vs.12 ml/kg ZEEP	↙TNF-α in BALF similar plasma cytokine levels
Weingarten TN et al. [82]	2009	40	Major open abdominal	6 ml/kg 12 PEEP vs. 10 ml/kg ZEEP	↗ PaO₂/FIO₂, ↗Compliance, ↙Raw ↙IL-8, ↙IL-6 in plasma (postop) Similar length of hospital stay
One- Lung Ventilation
Wrigge et al. [81]	2004	32	Lung resection	6 ml/kg 10 cmH₂O PEEP vs. 12-15 ml/kg ZEEP	Similar time course of cytokines in tracheal aspirate and plasma
S chilling et al. [83]	2005	32	Lung resection	5 ml/kg ZEEP vs. 10 ml/kg ZEEP	↙TNF-α and sICAM in BALF Similar levels of albumin, elastase, IL-8, IL-10
Michelet et al. [84]	2006	52	Oesophagectomy	5 ml/kg 5 cmH₂O PEEP vs. 9 ml/kg ZEEP	↙IL-1, IL-6, IL-8 in plasma ↗PaO2/FIO₂ and ↙lung water content ↙Duration of mechanical ventilation
Yang m et al. [85]	2011	100	Lung resection	6 ml/kg 5 cmH₂O PEEP, FIO₂ 0.5+RM vs. 10 ml/kg ZEEP, FIO₂ 1.0	↙Postoperaive pulmonary dysfunction (PaO₂/FIO2 < 300 mmHg, atelectasis)
BALF, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; RM, recruitment maneuver; IL, Interleukin; PEEP, positive end expiratory pressure; ZEEP, zero end expiratory pressure; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; IL-x; PaO₂/FIO₂, ratio of arterial oxygen pressure to fractional inspiratory oxygen pressure

Table 1: Randomized controlled trials assessing the effects of different modes of ventilation.