| Tool |
Markers |
Strains |
Polymorphism |
Reference |
| Ribotyping |
16S rRNA |
3 strains (Australia, Africa & Mexico) |
Low polymorphism for intra-species differentiation. 16S rRNA is conserved. |
[46] |
| PFGE&AFLP |
Whole genome |
2 strains (Australia & Africa) |
Limited by genetic homogeneity of MU strains, and restriction enzymes |
[57] |
| RFLP |
IS2404, IS2606& polymorphic markers |
6 strains (Africa, Australia, Mexico, Papua New Guinea, Japan &Suriname) |
Low polymorphism for differentiating MU& MPM isolates from the same origin. Polymorphism depends on restriction enzymes used. |
[40, 46] |
| MLST |
8 housekeeping genes |
6 strains (Surinam, Papua New Guinea, Mexico, Japan/China, Africa & Australia) |
Polymorphism may vary depending on gene loci |
[55] |
| VNTR |
Over 20 VNTR loci |
8 genotypes (Ghana isolates)
Variable for other geographical isolates |
Differentiates strains (MU&MPMs) from the same origin. Genotypes depends on loci used. |
[9, 14, 15, 48, 85] |
| SNP |
ISE,
94 CDS |
11 ISE-SNP types
13 SNP haplotypes |
Strain specific differentiation |
[45, 67] |
|
