Table 1

Approach	Instruments	Cost /Procedure (U.S. Dollars)
HAL	GelPORT^a 12-mm VersaStepb ports x 2	$488.75 $107.46 $596.21 Total
LAP	12-mm VersaStepb ports x 2 5-mm VersaStepb ports x 2	$107.46 $90.28 $197.74 Total
LESS	GelPOINTa 5-mm Roticulator Endo Dissectb 5-mm Roticulator Endo Graspb	$573.00 $84.19 $84.19 $741.38 Total

^aApplied Medical, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA, USA, bCovidien, Mansfield, MA, USA

Table 1: HAL, LAP and LESS nephrectomy disposable instrument costs.