Pre-operative Predictors
01 High-grade varicocele (grade III)
02 Lack of testicular atrophy
03 Normal Serum FSH
04 Total motility >60%
05 Total motile sperm count >5x106
06 Positive GnRH Stimulation test
FSH: Follicle Stimulating Hormone; GnRH: Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
Table 1: Pre-operative predictors of seminal improvement after varicoceletomy.