substituents Activation energies, Ea (kcal/mol) Enthalpy changes, ΔH (kcal/mol)
  Endo Exo Endo Exo
-CH3 +12.26 +11.87 -55.54 -55.54
-OH +7.30 +6.48 -56.93 -56.97
-CN +4.34 +5.16 -58.75 -58.75
-Cl +8.60 +7.88 -56.30 -56.30
Table 4: Energetics of the reactions of 4,4-disubstituted cyclobutenone with 1,3-butadiene.