Structure name
avg ± σ (min, max) %
p (PB vs. MC)
GTV D95
4.4 ± 2.6 (0.3, 10.6)
<0.01
GTV D98
5.3 ± 4.1 (0.3, 15.2)
<0.01
PTV D95
7.1 ± 5.1 (0.3, 19.6)
<0.01
PTV D98
7.8 ± 5.8 (0.0, 22.6)
<0.01
Ipsilateral Lung V20
0.2 ± 1.1 (-2.2, 2.2)
0.43
Ipsilateral Lung V30
0.6 ± 1.2 (-1.4, 3.2)
<0.01
Spinal Cord Dmax
0.5 ± 2.0 (-4.1, 4.8)
0.36
Esophagus D33
0.5 ± 2.2 (-5.6, 6.2)
0.24
Heart D33
0.1 ± 0.9 (-2.3, 2.2)
0.24
Table 3: Dose-volume comparison between the pencil beam (PB) and Monte Carlo (MC) algorithms (i.e., PB – MC) for the GTV, PTV, and OARs for all 25 patients.