p53 mutation |
Genomic Instability |
Chemoresistance/ Antiapoptotic |
Increased invasion /Altered cell migration |
Altered cell cyclefunction/ Promote proliferation |
Anchor age independency |
Cell polarity |
Stem cell de differentiation |
EMT |
Angiogenesis |
Clinical Relevance |
V143A |
✓[30] |
|
|
✓[81] |
✓[82] |
|
✓[83] |
✓[84] |
|
Promotes proliferation and disrupts neuronal differentiation in phaeochromocytoma[85] |
R175H |
✓[86,87] |
✓[39,88-92] |
✓[9,10,93] |
✓[81,90] |
✓[82,94] |
✓[44] |
✓[15,83] |
✓[12,44,95] |
✓[13] |
Potentiates invasiveness in squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus[25]; Induces EMT in breast carcinoma[38] |
G245S |
|
|
|
|
✓[94] |
✓[44] |
|
✓[44] |
|
Alters cell polarity and induces EMT in breast carcinoma[44] |
R248Q |
|
✓[88] |
✓[65] |
|
|
|
|
✓[88] |
|
Associated with reduced overall survival in breast carcinoma[64] |
R248W |
✓[33,87] |
✓[16,37,91] |
✓[11] |
✓[96] |
✓[82] |
✓[44] |
|
✓[44] |
|
Associated with reduced overall survival in breast carcinoma[64] |
R249S |
✓[9] |
|
✓[92] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Induced by aflatoxin in hepatocellular carcinoma on background of chronic hepatitis B infection[97] |
R273H |
✓[98] |
✓[16,90-92] |
✓[9 - 11] |
✓[81,90,99] |
✓[82,94] |
✓[38,44] |
✓[83] |
✓[44,84,95] |
|
Potentiates invasion and metastasis in endometrial carcinoma[100] |
R273C |
|
✓[37,92] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Associated with reduced overall survival in breast carcinoma[64] |
R280K |
|
|
✓[12,36] |
|
|
✓[38] |
|
|
|
Inhibits apoptosis in breast carcinoma[101] |
D281G |
|
✓[102] |
|
✓[81] |
✓[82] |
|
|
|
|
Induces tumor growth and migration in lung carcinoma[103,104] |
R282Q |
✓[94] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Possible role in squamous cell carcinoma by interfering with keratinocyte differentiation[105] |
R282W |
✓[81] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Associated with chemoresistance in locally advanced breast carcinoma[106] |
*We apologies to authors whose work we have inadvertently missed in this review because of the broad scope of the topics covered. |