Journal of Clinical and Cellular Immunology
Open Access
ISSN: 2155-9899
+44 1223 790975
ISSN: 2155-9899
+44 1223 790975
Vanessa Rivera-Amill
Ponce Health Sciences University-School of Medicine/Ponce Research Institute,
395 Research Building, Zona Industrial Reparada 2, Ponce, PR 00716-2347
Tanzania
Review Article
Impact of Depression and Inflammation on the Progression of HIV Disease
Author(s): Yainyrette Rivera-Rivera, Fabián J. Vázquez-Santiago, Elinette Albino, María del C. Sánchez and Vanessa Rivera-AmillYainyrette Rivera-Rivera, Fabián J. Vázquez-Santiago, Elinette Albino, María del C. Sánchez and Vanessa Rivera-Amill
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) epidemic has negatively affected over 40 million people worldwide. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has improved life expectancy and changed the outcome of HIV-1 infection, making it a chronic and manageable disease. However, AIDS and non-AIDS comorbid illnesses persist during the course of infection despite the use of ART. In addition, the development of neuropsychiatric comorbidities (including depression) by HIV-infected subjects significantly affects quality of life, medication adherence, and disease prognosis. The factors associated with depression during HIV-1 infection include altered immune response, the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and monoamine imbalance. Elevated plasma pro-inflammatory cytokine levels contribute to the development of depression and depressive-like behaviors in HIV+ subjects. In addition, comorbid depres.. View More»
DOI:
10.4172/2155-9899.1000423