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Tissue engineering refers to an “interdisciplinary field that applies the principles of engineering and the life sciences toward the development of biological substitutes that restore, maintain, or improve tissue function”. In order to develop such biological substitutes, non-immunogenic cells, signaling molecules and scaffolds are required in large scale. In animal models of bone injury, for instance, up to 105-106 cells may be used in tissue engineering strategies. Considering the translation of such techniques to human proportions, the number of cells required for tissue engineering may reach up to a hundred million cells. Currently, adult stem cells are being used for such situations, mostly in clinical trial settings, and results are encouraging. Unfortunately, though, many limitations still hinder adult stem cell therapy.