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The incretin system has been the target of newer glucose lowering medications used in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Specific drugs include the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogues and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors. The incretin hormones consist of GLP-1 and gastrointestinal peptide which are released from the gut in response to a meal. GLP-1 promotes insulin release and inhibits glucagon secretion in a glucose dependent manner which results in the regulation of postprandial glucose excursions. Endogenous GLP-1 hormones have a very short half life as they are rapidly degraded by DPP4 where GLP-1 (7-36) amide is cleaved to GLP-1 (9-36) amide, which is the major circulating form. Hence DPP4 inhibitors exert their hypoglycaemic action by raising endogenous levels of GLP-1