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Biosensors can be categorized according to the basic principles of signal. Transduction and biorecognition elements. In the general scheme of a biosensor the biorecognition element responds to the target compound and the transducer converts the biological response to a detectable signal, which can be measured electrochemically, optically, acoustically, mechanically, calorimetrically, or electronically, and then correlated with the analyte concentration. Biological elements include enzymes, antibodies, micro-organisms, biological tissue, and organelles. When the binding of the sensing element and the analyte is the detected event, the instrument is described as an affinity sensor. When the interaction between the biological element and the analyte is accompanied or followed by a chemical change in which the concentration of one of the substrates or products is measured the instrument is described as a metabolism sensor. Finally, when the signal is produced after binding the analyte without chemically changing it but by converting an auxiliary substrate, the biosensor is called a catalytic sensor