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During obesity and overweight is present in adipose tissue an imbalance in macrophage activation polarization with prevalence of M1 phenotype. This functional phenotype promotes a proinflammatory state characterized by Th1 type response sustained with a mechanism of cross-talk between macrophages and adipocytes. Obesity-related dysregulation in adipokines secretion and derangement in sex steroid hormone metabolism such as insulin may concur also. These changes may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis and cancer.