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In mammalians, three classes of RNA polymerases (Pol I, II and III) transcribe distinct sets of genes. About 70% of Pol II promoters are localized at GC- and CpG-rich sequences termed CpG islands. Active CpG island promoters are in an open chromatin configuration, which is devoid of cytosine methylation. DNA hypermethylation of CpG island promoters is associated with gene silencing and this epigenetic inactivation contributes to the pathogenesis of cancer. Aberrant methylation of rDNA has been reported in cancer, but also in neuropsychiatric disorders. Pol I transcribes the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes that are organized in multiple tandem repeats of about 400 copies in satellite regions of acrocentric chromosomes of the diploid human genome.