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Historical perspectives have been an integral component of ecological studies as shown by palaeontological research, historical ecology, genetic, isotopic and other approaches to the reconstruction of past species distributions and community structure as well as the evolution of flora and fauna through time. With the exponential growth of the world’s human population over the past century, 60% of humans living within 100 km of the coast [1], and the projected consequences of current climate change, pollution, habitat loss and introduction of alien species, coastal environments appear to face particularly serious challenges when compared to other ecosystems. The need of forecasting the combined effects of all these physical and biological variables with some accuracy is ever more pressing if we are to mitigate and manage such changes effectively.