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Cold spray (Cold-Gas-Dynamic Spray Processing,or CGDS) was developed in the 1980’s as a means of producing dense metal coatings for materials that could not tolerate the oxidation and thermal effects of traditional thermal spray processing. In cold spray, metallic powder particles are entrained into flowing inert gas upstream from a DeLaval type nozzle, resulting in supersonic particle velocities. The stream of gas and metallic powders is directed at a substrate upon which the particles impinge, resulting in plastic deformation of both the powder particles and the substrate and potential bonding of the particles at their prior surfaces.