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Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a reversible clinical and radiological entity. The circumstances of occurrence are numerous and the pathophysiology is unclear. The main theory is related to the onset of hypertension leading to the deterioration of the cerebral autoregulation. This is an acute or subacute syndrome, often preceded by convulsive episodes. Symptoms are headaches, impaired consciousness, and vomiting or visual disturbances. The brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the gold standard and highlights evidences of hyperintensities on T2 (bilateral, symmetrical, reversible, and predominantly posterior). Several cases have been reported as a complication during the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), but few cases have been published in adult patients and especially in Philadelphia positive ALL. We report the first adult case of Philadelphia positive ALL with development of PRES after induction therapy..read more