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Haemoglobinopathy is a kind of genetic defect that results in abnormal structure of one of the globin chains of the hemoglobinmolecule. Hemoglobinopathies are inherited single-gene disorders; in most cases, they are inherited as autosomal co-dominant traits. Common hemoglobinopathies include sickle-cell disease. It is estimated that 7% of world's population (420 million) are carriers, with 60% of total and 70% pathological being in Africa.
Haemoglobin Functions :Transport of oxygen from the lungs to the tissues. This is due to the peculiar cooperation of the globin chains that allows the molecule to take in more oxygen where there is increased oxygen and to release oxygen in low concentration of oxygen.Transport of carbondioxide: from the tissue to the lungs.the end product of tissue metabolism is acidic which increases the hydrogen ion in solution. the hydrogen ion combines with bicarbonates to produce.
Statistics: The studies conducted in the State of São Paulo produced results that varied according to their relevance. The study of Campinas was of high relevance with the sample size being higher than 100,000. With the involvement of 78 institutions in 36 cities, including 4 hospitals in the city of São Paulo, it was impossible to calculate the percentage coverage because the study did not delimit with precision the region studied. The study reported the prevalence of Hb AS in 1.98% of newborns and Hb SS in 0.01%