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Carcinoid syndrome refers to the array of symptoms that occur secondary to carcinoid tumors. The syndrome includes flushing, diarrhea and less frequently heart failure and bronchoconstriction. It is caused by endogenous secretion of mainly serotonin and kallikrein. Symptoms are facial flushing, which is redness and a warm feeling over the face, diarrhea, asthma, abdominal pain caused by intestinal blockage, rash, heart disease, intestinal bleeding. For symptomatic relief of carcinoid syndrome: Octreotide: a somatostatin analogue which reduces the secretion of serotonin by the tumor and, secondarily, decreases the breakdown product of serotonin. Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with lutetium-177, indium-111 labelled to octreotate is highly effective. Surgical resection of tumor and chemotherapy (5-FU and doxorubicin). Endovascular, chemo-embolization, targeted chemotherapy directly provided to the liver through special catheters mixed with embolic beads, used for patients with liver metastases. In Canada according to statistics from 82.0% population, 34.71% is suffering by diseases and people death rate due to Basal cell carcinoma is about 9.88%.
