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Volume 8 Journal of Sports Medicine & Doping Studies
ISSN: 2161-0673 Sports Medicine 2018
November 14-15, 2018
November 14-15, 2018 | Edinburgh, Scotland
4th International Conference on
Sports Medicine and Fitness
Small sided recreational football and immunology: The effects on immune system
Rakesh Tomar
King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Saudi Arabia
Background: Any exercise programmust be enjoyable so that it can be successfully incorporated into person’s lifestyle. Football
is associated with high energy expenditure. If used as tool for physical conditioning, the small-sided games of football are very
helpful in eliciting heart rate up to around 90-95% of maximal heart rate. Exercise can cause a change in the consistency of
serum immunoglobulin (IgA, IgM, and IgG) levels and secretion of the some hormones. Intense physical training led to
increased serum cortisol and IgA, IgM, IgG in active and inactive people. On the other hand short moderate training caused
serum IgA and IgM decrease significantly without variation in levels of IgG. Present study investigated how 16 weeks of six a
side supervised recreational football affected serum immunoglobulin and white blood cells in untrained males.
Methods: Twenty seven male students from King Fahd university of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM) with mean age 18.75
yrs were randomized into intervention (n=12) and control group (n=15). Three subjects from control group didn’t report for
post-test. Intervention group played recreational football for 16 weeks. Football sessions were conducted on 40x30m outdoor
artificial pitch. Training sessions were organized twice a week. Each session was divided into two halves of 15 minutes with 5
minute recovery. Heart rate in intervention group was monitored during all football sessions using Polar FT7. Control group
subjects followed their regular routine. Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was employed to find difference between two
groups after 16 weeks of football. Level of significance was set at .05
Results & Discussion: One way ANCOVA revealed significant increase in total white blood cell count (P=0.001), eosinophil
(P=0.006) and basophil (P=0.005), while no significant improvement was observed in Neutrophil (P=0.797), lymphocytes
(P=0.820), IgA (P=.158), IgG (P=.077) and IgM (P=.655). Monocytes and eosinophil counts decreased significantly whereas
basophil counts increased significantly post football training. Sixteen weeks of supervised recreation football training was
effective in increasing total WBC count in untrained males. Our training was vigorous in nature as indicated by high average
heart rate during the training sessions. Further, recreation football could not affect serum immunoglobulin significantly but
there was some substantive increase in IgG levels. The long and vigorous training makes the immune system weak while short
and mild strengthen it.
Biography
Rakesh Tomar is currently working as a Faculty at King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Saudi Arabia. He has completed his PhD in Physical Education
at Lakshmibai National Institute of Physical Education (LNIPE), India. He has authored several publications in various journals. His publications reflect his research
interests in exercise physiology, health and fitness. He is also an Associate Editor of The International Journal of Health, Wellness and Society , Editorial Board
Member of Athens Journal of Sports. He is serving as a Board Member for Asian Society of Kinesiology, Korea. He was Principal Investigator in five funded scholarly
project and Co-investigator in two fully funded research projects. He has chaired scientific sessions at international conferences. He has been invited as Keynote
Speaker, Invited Speaker, and Guest Speaker at international conferences.
Rakesh Tomar, J Sports Med Dop Stud 2018, Volume 8
DOI: 10.4172/2161-0673-C2-017