Toxicology of Metals

The significance of metals at the sites of the human activities is the contributing factor for metal toxicity. The common toxic mechanisms and sites of action, include Enzyme Inhibition/Activation, Subcellular Organelles, Carcinogenicity, Kidney, Nervous System, Endocrine and Reproductive Effects, Respiratory System, Metal-Binding Proteins. The treatment of metal poisoning is accomplished by using chelating agents or antagonists. The first clinically used chelating agent was British antilewisite (BAL [2,3-dimercaptopropanol])

The major class of metals playing a significant role in terms of toxicity include lead, mercury, cadmium, chromium and arsenic. Lead exposure may be through air, water or food resources. The major target in the body for lead toxicity is the hematopoietic system. Mercury usually exists in three forms namely, inorganic mercurous (Hg+) , elemental mercury (Hg0), and mercuric (Hg2+) salts, and organic methylmercury (CH3Hg) and dimethylmercury (CH3HgCH3) compounds. Mercury compounds are primarily nephrotoxic in nature. Chromium is a known human carcinogen and arsenic acts on the gastrointestinal system.

  • Aluminium Toxicology
  • Toxicology of Cadmium
  • Chromium Toxicokinetics
  • Mercury Toxicity
  • Immunotoxicology of Metals

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