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Factor V is an essential component in the blood coagulation cascade. Factor V is synthesized in the liver and possibly in megakaryocytes. Factor V circulates in an inactive form. During coagulation, factor V is converted to the active cofactor, factor Va, via limited proteolysis by the serine protease a-thrombin. Factor Va and activated factor Xa form the prothrombinase complex. The prothrombinase complex is responsible for the rapid conversion of the zymogen prothrombin to the active serine protease a-thrombin. Thrombin cleaves fibrinogen to form fibrin, leading to the ultimate step in coagulation, the formation of a fibrin clot.
