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Dystonia is a medical term for a range of movement disorders that cause muscle spasms and contractions. The spasms and contractions may either be sustained or may come and go. Movements are often repetitive and cause unusual, awkward and sometimes painful postures. Tremor (shaking) can also be a characteristic of some types of dystonia. Dystonia is thought to be a neurological condition (caused by underlying problems with the brain and nervous system). However, in most cases, brain functions such as intelligence, memory and language remain unaffected. Dystonia can affect only one muscle or a group of muscles. There are five main types of dystonia: • Focal dystonia • Segmental dystonia • Multifocal dystonia • Generalised dystonia • Hemidystonia
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