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Typhoid fever, also known simply as typhoid, is a symptomatic bacterial infection due to Salmonella typhi.Symptoms may vary from mild to severe and usually begin six to thirty days after exposure. Diarrhea and vomiting are uncommon.Some people develop a skin rash with rose colored spots. In severe cases there may be confusion. Without treatment symptoms may last weeks or months. Other people may carry the bacterium without being affected; however, they are still able to spread the disease to others. In the year, 2006 a high incidence of Typhoid fever was reported in France that is 165 cases. The prevalence rate was 0.3%. Diagnosis is made by any blood, bone marrow or stool cultures and with the Widal test (demonstration of antibodies against Salmonella antigens O-somatic and H-flagellar).
Typhoid fever, when properly treated, is not fatal in most cases. Antibiotics, such as ampicillin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, amoxicillin, and ciprofloxacin, have been commonly used to treat typhoid fever in microbiology. Treatment of the disease with antibiotics reduces the case-fatality rate to about 1%. Researches going on Comparative genomics study for identification of putative drug targets in Salmonella typhi Type 2, Clinical Outcome of a Portosplenomesenteric Venous Thrombosis in Necrotizing Acute Pancreatitis with Protein C and S Deficiency Treated by Anticoagulation Therapy Alone.
